Juris Warrior
Law, Technology, and Security
Across Domains
Where Law, Technology, and Operations Shape Modern Defense.
Recently Posted Articles
Gray Zone Maritime Tactics: Lawful Responses and Operational Control — Explore how gray zone maritime tactics exploit ambiguity and test international law. Learn how necessity and proportionality, embedded in Rules of Engagement and Rules on the Use of Force, guide lawful responses that preserve legitimacy and strengthen maritime security.
Explore the Gray Zone Maritime Tactics…
Necessity and Proportionality in Maritime Self‑Defense: Legal Limits under the UN Charter—Understand how international law limits defensive force at sea. Explore the principles of necessity and proportionality under Article 51 of the UN Charter, their role in maritime operations, and how Rules of Engagement safeguard legitimacy and prevent escalation.
Anchored in Law: The Philippines’ Legitimate Claim to Bajo de Masinloc – Discover how the Philippines’ claim to Bajo de Masinloc (Scarborough Shoal) is firmly grounded in history, geography, and UNCLOS. This analysis highlights arbitral rulings, state practice, and China’s activities, underscoring why UNCLOS remains the enduring framework for maritime order in the West Philippine Sea.
Discover the Philippines’ legal grounds over the Bajo de Masinloc or the Scarborough Shoal…
Property, Not Immunity: UNCLOS and Maritime Autonomous Vessels –Explore why Maritime Autonomous Vessels (MAVs) cannot claim sovereign immunity under UNCLOS. This article explains how MAVs fail the treaty’s intention at adoption, remaining auxiliary property rather than warships or government vessels, preserving accountability and coastal state jurisdiction.
The 2016 PCA Award in Philippines v. China: Clarifying Maritime Rights and Security in the South China Sea–Uncover the landmark 2016 PCA Award, which invalidated China’s nine‑dash line claims, clarified maritime rights under UNCLOS, and highlighted environmental and security implications for the South China Sea and beyond.
Understand how the PCA invalidated China’s ‘nine-dash line” and clarified UNCLOS maritime rights.
Innocent Passage, Sovereignty, and Responsibility: The Corfu Channel Case–The Corfu Channel Case (1949) was the first dispute decided by the ICJ. It clarified enduring principles of international law, including state responsibility by omission, the duty of due diligence, innocent passage rights, limits on self‑help, and the obligation of reparation—doctrines that continue to shape maritime security and contemporary international practice.
Must-Read Foundations
EEZ Due Regard and Peaceful Purposes Explained—Understand how UNCLOS governs activity in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Learn about the treaty duty of due regard, the peaceful‑purposes constraint, enforcement authority, and practical steps commanders can take to reduce legal and escalation risks.
Sovereign Immunity at Sea: Meaning, Boundaries, and Operational Use—Discover how UNCLOS defines sovereign immunity at sea for warships and government vessels. Learn the boundaries of enforcement, lawful remedies in territorial seas, and lessons from ITLOS cases like ARA Libertad and the detention of Ukrainian naval vessels.
Must-Read Insights
Hot Pursuit at Sea: International Law, UNCLOS, and Case Lessons — Unpack the doctrine of hot pursuit under UNCLOS Article 111. Learn the legal conditions, safeguards, and landmark cases such as M/V Saiga (No. 2) and I’m Alone, showing how international law balances enforcement powers with sovereignty at sea.
Must-Read Case Studies
